ANALISIS IDLE CAPACITY DAN HEADLOSS SISTEM DISTRIBUSI AIR BERSIH DI KAMPUNG TANJUNGSARI KECAMATAN GEGERBITUNG KABUPATEN SUKABUMI

Clean water is a fundamental need that must be continuously available. In Kampung Tanjungsari, Gegerbitung District, Sukabumi Regency, a borewell with a 2,000-liter storage tank was constructed to address water scarcity, yet its utilization has not been optimal. This condition potentially leads to idle capacity and technical issues such as pressure loss (headloss) within the distribution network. This study aims to analyze the water supply capacity, idle capacity, and hydraulic performance of the distribution system using EPANET 2.2 software. The research applied a case study with a quantitative approach through discharge measurement, pipeline survey, and hydraulic simulation. The results indicate that the borewell discharge is 1.67 liters/second or 30,060 liters/day, while the daily demand of 225 residents is only 22,500 liters/day, leaving an idle capacity of 7,560 liters/day. EPANET simulations show flow velocities of 0.3–0.9 m/s within a safe range, but pressures at all junctions are only 1.83–3.47 m, far below the minimum standard of 10 m for clean water service. Headloss analysis reveals the highest losses occur in longer pipes carrying relatively larger discharges. These findings confirm that although the water capacity is sufficient, network optimization is required through pipe diameter adjustment, booster pump installation, or tank elevation modification to ensure equitable and standard-compliant water distribution.
Keywords: headloss, idle capacity, pipe distribution.