PENGARUH VARIASI SUHU DAN KONSENTRASI ASETON TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK KARBON AKTIF TULANG AYAM SEBAGAI ADSORBEN EMISI GAS KENDARAAN BERMOTOR

Air pollution from motor vehicles is the main contributor to pollution in Indonesia, accounting for 44% of emissions from the transportation sector. This study aims to develop activated carbon based on chicken bone waste as an adsorbent for CO and HC gas emissions from a Honda Karisma 125CC motorcycle manufactured in 2003. Chicken bones were carbonized at temperature variations of 400°C, 500°C, and 600°C, then activated using acetone with concentrations of 1M, 2M, and technical grade acetone. Characterization was performed using SEM-EDX, FTIR, and TGA to analyze morphology, elemental composition, and functional groups. Results showed the highest porosity of 3018.985 μm² at 400°C with 2M acetone activation, producing a carbon content of 22.33%. TGA analysis confirmed gradual degradation of bone mass with losses of 7.54% (0-200°C), 2.08% (200-400°C), and 1.33% (400-600°C).
Gas emission adsorption tests showed optimal effectiveness under different conditions: CO reduction up to 70.97% from 1.86% to 0.54% with technical acetone activation at 500°C, and HC reduction up to 40.86% from 727 ppm to 430 ppm with 2M acetone activation at 400°C. The research results demonstrate the potential of chicken bone waste as an alternative activated carbon for reducing motor vehicle emissions.
Keywords: Activated carbon, chicken bones, acetone, morphology, adsorption.