Perlawanan atas Perlindungan Lingkungan Hidup Melalui Class Action : Ditinjau dari Legal Standing Yayasan (Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor 481 K/TUN/TF/2023 dan Nomor 36/G/TF/2022/PTUN.PBR)

Environmental degradation has increasingly become a critical concern in legal and public policy discourse in Indonesia. The widespread exploitation of natural resources without sustainability considerations has triggered various forms of legal resistance from civil society, one of which is through the mechanism of class action lawsuits. In this context, foundations—as legal entities—play a strategic role in advocating for the right to a healthy and sustainable environment. However, the legal standing of foundations in filing environmental lawsuits, especially through class actions, remains a subject of debate and legal scrutiny. This research, titled "Resistance for Environmental Protection Through Class Action: A Legal Standing Review of Foundations (Case Study of Decision Numbers 481 K/TUN/TF/2023 and 36/G/TF/2022/PTUN.PBR)," aims to examine the legal position of foundations in utilizing the class action mechanism, as well as to analyze how judicial practice responds to such forms of legal resistance. The study employs a normative juridical method using statute, case, and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that the legal standing of foundations in environmental class action lawsuits is legally recognized and supported by Indonesia’s regulatory framework, particularly Law Number 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management. An analysis of the two court decisions reveals a positive tendency in the judiciary to open space for civil society organizations to actively participate in safeguarding environmental sustainability. Thus, through the recognition of legal standing and the use of class actions, foundations are not only pursuing formal legal justice but also empowering communities and reinforcing legal protections for the environment. This reflects the application of ecological justice principles, which view the environment as an entity entitled to protection for the sake of future generations.
Keywords: environmental protection, legal standing, class action, foundation, ecological justice.